WHAT IS IT?
An upper respiratory infection (URI) in cats is similar to a cold. However, people cannot contract the cold from their cats. Three micro-organisms are more complicated, two are viruses and one is a bacteria-like entity. They are transmitted and harbored in the nose, mouth and eyes of cats and cause irritation to these moist surfaces. The irritation leads to characteristic signs of sneezing and discharge from the eyes and nose.
THE COURSE OF URI
The vast majority of URI in cats consist of just sneezing with some discharge from the eyes and the nose. Occassionally the cat's condition may progress to heavy discharge, fever and lack of appetite. In rare circumstances, the cat may also develop ulcerations of the mouth, nose and eyes, in addition to the above signs. The symptoms of URI may last a few days to several weeks. Some cats which have recovered from URI become carriers. They get recurrences, usually mild, especially under stress.
STRESS
As in people, stress is a major factor in the body's ability to fight off infection. Any time a cat is transferred to a facility where animals are grouped and housed (including groomers, veterinary clinics, boarding facilities, breeding facilities, cat shows and animal shelters), there will be a risk of contracting URI. The chance of developing URI increases because of the increased concentration of animals and the stress of being transferred to a new environment. Other stresses, such as loss or gain of a companion, change in diet, recent surgery, treatment for parasites and even vaccination, can increase the risk of contracting URI.
WHAT TO LOOK FOR
Sneezing is usually the first and often the only sign observed. In addition to the sneezing, discharge from the eyes and nose may occur. The cat may become a little lethargic and have a decreased appetite. Complete lack of appetite and fever can lead to dehydration, these symptoms require medical attention. However, rarely do the signs progress beyond those of a classical "cold".
TREATMENT
As with colds in humans, the infection is usually mild and often no treatment is necessary. Sometimes an antibiotic will be prescribed to prevent a secondary infection by bacteria. Eye medication and nose drops may be prescribed to help control the local infection at these areas. On rare occasions, a cat may have to be hospitalized for fluids, force feeding, and injections to manage more severe symptoms such as fever, dehydration and lack of appetite.
BRINGING THE CAT HOME
The risk of the established cat contracting URI is minimal if that cat is current on vaccination and if the new cat is separated for seven to ten days. The vaccinations are to protect against URI in addition to other more severe diseases. Contact your regular veterinarian if you don't know the vaccination status of your cats before you adopt a new cat.
If you have further questions about URI, please contact the Maui Humane Society (877-3680) or your regular veterinarian. If you suspect that your new cat has developed URI, please contact the Maui Humane Society (877-3680) so they may advise and assist you.
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